November 6th, 2016
Experience shows that all the unforeseen and extraordinary events are random, and the damage from these events is impossible to predict. It is also noticed that the number of those who interested in insurance, it is often more than the victims of various disasters. Under such conditions, the uniform layout of loss among stakeholders significantly ameliorate the effects of natural disasters and other hazards. In this case, the more participants involved in the layout of damage, the less funds have to invest each participant to compensate for damages. So there was insurance, which essentially amounts to solidary layout of loss among parties to the agreement.
Insurance held a number of stages of development. Mutual aid. Initial forms of insurance were a natural character. The oldest insurance rules, which have reached We are set in one of the books of the Talmud. Thus, the Talmud prescribed in case one of the drovers the asses animal perished, the rest of the mahouts to allocate it to replace another donkey, but not money. Similar agreements were concluded in and Syria in case of case, pick apart by wild beasts, theft or disappearance of an ass of anyone of the participants in the caravan. The laws of the Babylonian king Hammurabi (II millennium BC) provides for the conclusion agreement between the drovers and merchants sharing losses that might occur in transit due to an attack of robbers, a case of camels, stealing, etc. Thus, even in those days was laid collective mutual aid, and most importantly – was laid down an important principle of insurance – it should not be an enrichment.